This blog post and its comments have the answer.
These three plugin configurations will allow you to build/install/deploy a jar version alongside the war.
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-a-jar</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>jar</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>install</phase>
<goals>
<goal>install-file</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<artifactId>${project.artifactId}</artifactId>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<file>
${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}.jar
</file>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>deploy</phase>
<goals>
<goal>deploy-file</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<generatePom>true</generatePom>
<url>${project.distributionManagement.repository.url}</url>
<artifactId>${project.artifactId}</artifactId>
<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
<file>${project.build.directory}/${project.artifactId}-${project.version}.jar</file>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>