There are several ways if you are using ASP.NET , in either language
Server.MapPath("~") will return the root of the application as a full path name then you can just add "/app_data" to it to get you're full path.
Alternatively inspect the HttpContext.Current.Request and HttpContext.Current.Application
there are numerous ( and much better then the one I just mentioned ) properties that will provide you with the same folder - being the root of the application as s full path.
Note that these should all work even if you have the application as a virtual folder and a regular folder with an application configures in IIS on that folder
However this is only possible at runtime , so it can't really be mentioned in the app.config. you could try using relaltive paths from where the app.config is resident IE "../App_Data" or "/App_data" but I'm not sure of you're exact requirements.
Good luck