How can a LEFT OUTER JOIN return more records than exist in the left table?

Question

Hi,

I have a very basic LEFT OUTER JOIN to return all results from the left table and some additional information from a much bigger table. The left table contains 4935 records yet when I LEFT OUTER JOIN it to an additional table the record count is significatnly larger.

As far as I'm aware it is absolute gospel that a LEFT OUTER JOIN will return all records from the left table with matched records from the right table and null values for any rows which cannot be matched, as such it's my understanding that it should be impossible to return more rows than exist in the left table, but it's happening all the same!

SQL Query follows:

SELECT     SUSP.Susp_Visits.SuspReason, SUSP.Susp_Visits.SiteID
FROM         SUSP.Susp_Visits LEFT OUTER JOIN
                      DATA.Dim_Member ON SUSP.Susp_Visits.MemID = DATA.Dim_Member.MembershipNum

Perhaps I have made a mistake in the syntax or my understanding of LEFT OUTER JOIN is incomplete, whatever the reason I'm going mad here, hopefully someone can explain how this could be occuring?

Postscript

Thanks for the grea answers, my understanding of LEFT OUTER JOINS is now much better, could anyone however suggest a way this query could be modified so that I only get as many records returned as exist in the left table?

This query is purely to generate a report and the duplicate matches simply confuse matters.

/Postscript

Answer 1

The LEFT OUTER JOIN will return all records from the LEFT table joined with the RIGHT table where possible.

If there are matches though, it will still return all rows that match, therefore, one row in LEFT that matches two rows in RIGHT will return as two ROWS, just like an INNER JOIN.

EDIT: In response to your edit, I've just had a further look at your query and it looks like you are only returning data from the LEFT table. Therefore, if you only want data from the LEFT table, and you only want one row returned for each row in the LEFT table, then you have no need to perform a JOIN at all and can just do a SELECT directly from the LEFT table.

Answer 2

Could it be a one to many relationship between the left and right tables?

Answer 3

It seems as though there are multiple rows in the DATA.Dim_Member table per SUSP.Susp_Visits row.

Answer 4

It isn't imposible. The number of records inteh left table is the minimum number of records it will return. If the right table has two records that match to one record in the left table, it will return two records.

Answer 5

Each record from the left table will be returned as many times as there are matching records on the right table -- at least 1, but could easily be more than 1.

Answer 6

if multiple (x) rows in Dim_Member are associated with a single row in Susp_Visits, there will be x rows in the resul set.

Answer 7

LEFT OUTER JOIN just like INNER JOIN (normal join) will return as many results for each row in left table as many matches it finds in the right table. Hence you can have a lot of results - up to N x M, where N is number of rows in left table and M is number of rows in right table.

It's the minimum number of results is always guaranteed in LEFT OUTER JOIN to be at least N.

Answer 8

Table1                Table2
_______               _________
1                      2
2                      2
3                      5
4                      6

SELECT Table1.Id, Table2.Id FROM Table1 LEFT OUTER JOIN Table2 ON Table1.Id=Table2.Id

Results:

1,null
2,2
2,2
3,null
4,null

Answer 9

If you need just any one row from the right side

SELECT SuspReason, SiteID FROM( SELECT SUSP.Susp_Visits.SuspReason, SUSP.Susp_Visits.SiteID, ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY SUSP.Susp_Visits.SiteID) AS rn FROM SUSP.Susp_Visits LEFT OUTER JOIN DATA.Dim_Member ON SUSP.Susp_Visits.MemID = DATA.Dim_Member.MembershipNum ) AS t WHERE rn=1

or just

SELECT SUSP.Susp_Visits.SuspReason, SUSP.Susp_Visits.SiteID FROM SUSP.Susp_Visits WHERE EXISTS( SELECT DATA.Dim_Member WHERE SUSP.Susp_Visits.MemID = DATA.Dim_Member.MembershipNum)

Answer 10

In response to your postscript, that depends on what you would like.

You are getting (possible) multiple rows for each row in your left table because there are multiple matches for the join condition. If you want your total results to have the same number of rows as there is in the left part of the query you need to make sure your join conditions cause a 1-to-1 match.

Alternatively, depending on what you actually want you can use aggregate functions (if for example you just want a string from the right part you could generate a column that is a comma delimited string of the right side results for that left row.

If you are only looking at 1 or 2 columns from the outer join you might consider using a scalar subquery since you will be guaranteed 1 result.

Answer 11

I prefer 6th answer, it is 100% correct.