Clean Python Regular Expressions

Question

Is there a cleaner way to write long regex patterns in python? I saw this approach somewhere but regex in python doesn't allow lists.

patterns = [
 re.compile(r'<!--([^->]|(-+[^->])|(-?>))*-{2,}>'),
 re.compile(r'\n+|\s{2}')
]

Answer 1

You can use verbose mode to write more readable regular expressions. In this mode:

• Whitespace within the pattern is ignored, except when in a character class or preceded by an unescaped backslash.
• When a line contains a '#' neither in a character class or preceded by an unescaped backslash, all characters from the leftmost such '#' through the end of the line are ignored.

The following two statements are equivalent:

a = re.compile(r"""\d +  # the integral part
                   \.    # the decimal point
                   \d *  # some fractional digits""", re.X)

b = re.compile(r"\d+\.\d*")

(Taken from the documentation of verbose mode)

Answer 2

You can use comments in regex's, which make them much more readable. Taking an example from http://gnosis.cx/publish/programming/regular_expressions.html :

/               # identify URLs within a text file
          [^="] # do not match URLs in IMG tags like:
                # <img src="http://mysite.com/mypic.png"&gt;
http|ftp|gopher # make sure we find a resource type
          :\/\/ # ...needs to be followed by colon-slash-slash
      [^ \n\r]+ # stuff other than space, newline, tab is in URL
    (?=[\s\.,]) # assert: followed by whitespace/period/comma 
/

Answer 3

Though @Ayman's suggestion about re.VERBOSE is a better idea, if all you want is what you're showing, just do:

patterns = re.compile(
        r'<!--([^->]|(-+[^->])|(-?>))*-{2,}>'
        r'\n+|\s{2}'
)

and Python's automatic concatenation of adjacent string literals (much like C's, btw) will do the rest;-).

Answer 4

thank you, very usefull