You are looking for the --exclude arugment.
--exclude=PATTERN
Some users find `exclude' options confusing. Here are some common pitfalls:
The main operating mode of tar does not act on a path name
explicitly listed on the command line if one of its file name
components is excluded. In the example above, if you create an
archive and exclude files that end with *.o, but explicitly name
the file dir.o/foo after all the options have been listed,
dir.o/foo will be excluded from the archive.
You can sometimes confuse the meanings of --exclude=PATTERN and
--exclude-from=FILE-OF-PATTERNS (-X FILE-OF-PATTERNS). Be
careful: use --exclude=PATTERN when files to be excluded are
given as a pattern on the command line. Use
--exclude-from=FILE-OF-PATTERNS to introduce the name of a file
which contains a list of patterns, one per line; each of these
patterns can exclude zero, one, or many files.
When you use --exclude=PATTERN, be sure to quote the PATTERN
parameter, so GNU tar sees wildcard characters like *. If you
do not do this, the shell might expand the *' itself using files
at hand, so tar` might receive a list of files instead of one
pattern, or none at all, making the command somewhat illegal.
This might not correspond to what you want.
For example, write:
$ tar -c -f ARCHIVE.TAR --exclude '*.o' DIRECTORY
rather than:
$ tar -c -f ARCHIVE.TAR --exclude *.o DIRECTORY
- You must use use shell syntax, or globbing, rather than
regexp
syntax, when using exclude options in tar. If you try to use
regexp syntax to describe files to be excluded, your command
might fail.