how to print the unicode characters in hexadecimal codes in c++

Question

I am reading the string of data from the oracle database that may or may not contain the Unicode characters into a c++ program.Is there any way for checking the string extracted from the database contains an Unicode characters(UTF-8).if any Unicode characters are present they should be converted into hexadecimal format and need to displayed.

Answer 1

There are two aspects to this question.

1. Distinguish UTF-8-encoded characters from ordinary ASCII characters.

   UTF-8 encodes any code point higher than 127 as a series of two or more bytes. Values at 127 and lower remain untouched. The resultant bytes from the encoding are also higher than 127, so it is sufficient to check a byte's high bit to see whether it qualifies.

2. Display the encoded characters in hexadecimal.

   C++ has std::hex to tell streams to format numeric values in hexadecimal. You can use std::showbase to make the output look pretty. A char isn't treated as numeric, though; streams will just print the character. You'll have to force the value to another numeric type, such as int. Beware of sign-extension, though.

Here's some code to demonstrate:

#include <iostream>

void print_characters(char const* s)
{
  std::cout << std::showbase << std::hex;
  for (char const* pc = s; *pc; ++pc) {
    if (*pc & 0x80)
      std::cout << (*pc & 0xff);
    else
      std::cout << *pc;
    std::cout << ' ';
  }
  std::cout << std::endl;
}

You could call it like this:

int main()
{
  char const* test = "ab\xef\xbb\xbfhu";
  print_characters(test);
  return 0;
}

Output on Solaris 10 with Sun C++ 5.8:

$ ./a.out
a b 0xef 0xbb 0xbf h u

The code detects UTF-8-encoded characters, but it makes no effort to decode them; you didn't mention needing to do that.

I used *pc & 0xff to convert the expression to an integral type and to mask out the sign-extended bits. Without that, the output on my computer was 0xffffffbb, for instance.

Answer 2

I would convert the string to UTF-32 (you can use something like UTF CPP for that - it is very easy), and then loop through the resulting string, detect code points (characters) that are above 0x7F and print them as hex.