Is there a tool for C++ that is at least remotely similar to Rails migrations?
I think anything "similar" to Rails migrations is going to be somewhat specific to an ORM or other framework - the ease of use comes from the fact that you migrate from one object model to another.
Since C++ doesn't have an ORM or any other built-in way of specifying a database schema, I don't see how there can be a schema migration tool "for C++". Perhaps if you specify what tools you're using, the question will be more eye-catching for those who know what's available.
If you can express your migration purely in terms of the database tables, then you could use a migration tool that's independent of any ORM. But then you wouldn't actually need it to be in C++, since it's just issuing SQL (or whatever database) commands. There are plenty of tools around (maybe search "database schema migration"), although I'm afraid I'm basically ignorant in this area, and can't recommend one. As long as you have an adaptor to your database, you could even use Rails...