Is AXIS or CFX necessary for Java web services? Can it be all done via the JSDK (1.6)?
Is AXIS or CFX necessary for Java web services?
No. Although Axis2 is the most popular framework to work with WebServices is not the only way to do them.
Can it be all done via the JSDK (1.6)?
Yes, but it is way much harder. You will benefit tremendously from using a framework used by others apps and from the bugfixes the development team provide. Doing all by hand is like reinventing the wheel.
If you want to have full control of what's happening underneath, probably you could go with: JAX-WS
Or if the app is very simple, directly with socket.
But again, Axis2 is the canonical way to do WS ( but not the only one )
You can use the http streams provided by the webserver as you whish, but using a framework and some jars (which are proven to work) will save you a lot of headaches and a lot of time in the long run.
Normally you will want to use a programming framework for web services.
Something like AXIS, CXF, or the Java EE (GlassFish) download from Sun.
As an alternative to Axis, you can use the Spring WebServices framework to run your webservices application within a J2EE container like Tomcat or anything similar. I've found it very easy to use and setup, and if you want to integrate your webservices into another web application later, it's quite easy to do (I've done so myself on two separate occasions).