I've looked at a bunch of different examples, and tried several variations, but can't seem to get this working correctly. It also appears that you can't exclude an entire directory with javac, but only files, which I suppose means you can't specify a package? Here is what I have:
<javac srcdir="src" destdir="WEB-INF/classes" excludes="path/to/excluded/package/*.java">
<classpath refid="compile.classpath"/> <!-- reference defined earlier -->
</javac>