I currently have a console project which creates an .exe file; I want it to also create a .lib file so other projects, compiled as DLLs, would be able to call functions from the original project.
I know it is possible, but I couldn't find how to do that. How do I tell the linker to also link a .lib?
It's not possible in general - static libraries and executables are completely different kinds of animal. The way to handle this situation is to create two projects - one for the library, which contains all the functionality. and one for the executable, which is a thin wrapper that simply calls functions in the library.
You don't "also link a lib", you create a static library project. The latter doesn't call the linker at all -- instead it compiles all your files with cl /c and combines the resulting .objs into a lib using lib.exe.