Is there a version of the CUPS server available for Windows? Looking at the CUPS source code it seems it is ready for Visual Studio compilation, but I did not find any trace of an actual supported package. I'd like to set up a CUPS server on Windows so that I can print form Linux/MacOSX/Win clients to printers I set up on this server.
The .sln and .vcproj files you've been seeing in the CUPS sources are not meant to compile all of CUPS for Windows, only a few of its utilities... Making the complete CUPS server+filtering code work on Windows would be a daunting task, since Windows spooling and printing is so much different from the Unix world.
CUPS uses Internet Printing Protocol for client-server communications. According to Technet article, Windows can be used as IPP host:
To enable a computer running Windows Server 2008 to act as a server supporting Internet printing, you must install the Web Server (IIS) role, the Print Services role, and the Internet Printing role service in the Print Services role.
Moreover, it seems that Windows, Linux and Mac OS X clients can use printers shared via SMB.