Initialize the image by referencing the file, which will not load it immediately. Then, set yourself as the image's delegate and respond to the incremental-loading messages that are part of the NSImageDelegate protocol. Then, attempt to ask the image for some information about itself (asking for its representations would probably be a good way), to cause the image to start loading.
I think this will still block your UI, though: You'll be able to display progress, but not to enable the user to work on other things while the image loads. I'm not sure how you would do that.