You can overload Joomla User plug-in, save/edit/delete/login/etc. This will hep you understand user event that you will need to implement, http://docs.joomla.org/Reference:User_Events_for_Plugin_System. Also look at the following file plugins/user/example.php
In my opinion, mixing 2 different languages PHP and Java in 1 project is a little extreme. I would keep the projects separate and created my own Joomla/Spring Field API. Then would make API call in Joomla components/modules/plug-ins to integrate with Spring Framework.
Another thing, do not modify Joomla's native code to achieve what you want (I mean don't rewrite base classes that Joomla uses). Instead create your own library in the /libraries/
directory and extend the classes. If you decide to adopt API, you might want to have some API object in your model. Create your own base model /libraries/your_lib/application/component/
then when you are creating a model in the component change the import code to jimport('your_lib.application.component.model')