Deciphering MMORPG Protocol Encoding

Question

I plan on writing an automated bot for a game.

The tricky part is figuring out how they encoded their protocol... To make the bot run around is easy, simply make the character run and record what it does in wireshark. However, interpreting the environment is more difficult... It recieves about 5 packets each second if you are idle, hence lots of garbarge.

My plan: Because the game runs under TCP, I will use freecap (http://www.freecap.ru/eng) to force the game to connect to a proxy running on my machine. I will need this proxy to be capable of packet injection, or perhaps a server that is capable of resending captured packets. This way I can recreate and tinker around with what the server sends, and understand their protocol encoding.

1. Does anyone know where I can get a proxy that allows packet injection or where I can perform packet injection (not via hardware, as is the case with wireless or anything!)
2. Where of if I can find a server/proxy that resends captured packets (ie: replays a connection).
3. Any better tools or methodologies for pattern matching? Something which can highlight patterns from mutliple messages would be GREAT.

OR, is there a better way to decipher this here? Possibly a dissasembly strategy (via hooking a winsock function and starting the dissassembly from there) ? I have not done this before so I am not sure. OR , any other ideas?

Answer 1

A) I play a MMO and do not support bots, voting down... B) Download Backtrack v.3, run an arpspoof on your default gateway and your host. There is an application that will spoof the remote host's SSL cert sslmitm (I believe is the name) which will then allow you to create a full connection through your host. Then fireup tcpdump/ethereal/wireshark (choose your pcap poison) and move around do random stuff to find out what packet is doing what. That will be your biggest challenge; but proxying with a Man in the Middle attack on yourself is the way to go.

C) I do not condone this activity, this information is only being provided as free information.

Answer 2

Network traffic interception and protocol analysis is generally a less favored method to accomplish your goal here. For most modern games, encryption is a serious factor, and there are serious headaches associated with the protocol analysis for any but trivial factors of the most common gameplay scenarios.

Most modern implementations* of what you are trying to do rely on reading and manipulating the memory space and process of a running client. The client will have already done all the hard parts for you, including decrypting the traffic and sorting it into far more easy to read data structures. For interacting with the server you can call functions built into the client instead of crafting entire series of packets from scratch. The plus to this approach is that you have to do far less work to interpret the data and produce activity. The minus is that there is often some data in the network traffic that would be useful to a bot but is discarded by the client, or that you may want to send traffic to the server that the client cannot produce (which, in my own well-developed hierarchy for such, is a few steps farther down the "cheating" slope).

*...I say this having seen the evolution of the majority of MMORPG botting/hacking communities from network protocol analyzers like ShowEQ and Odin's Eye / Excalibur to memory-based applications like MacroQuest and InnerSpace. On that note, InnerSpace provides an excellent extensible framework for the memory/process-based variant of what you are attempting, and you should look into it as a basis for your project if you abandon the network analysis approach.

Answer 3

As I've done a few game bots in the past (for fun, not profit or griefing of course - writing game bots is a lot of fun), I recommend the following:

• If you can code and there isn't cheat protection preventing you from doing it, I highly recommend writing an injected DLL for the following reasons:
  1. Your DLL will be able to access the game's memory space directly, and once you reverse-engineer the data structures (either by poking around memory or by code disassembly), you'll have access to lots of data. This will also allow you to bypass any network encryption the game may have. The downside of accessing process memory directly is that offsets and data structures change between versions - however, data structures don't change very often with a stable game, and you can compensate offset changes by searching for code patterns instead of using fixed offsets.
  2. Either way, you'll still be able to hook WinSock functions using API hooks (check out Microsoft Detours and the excellent but now-commercial madCodeHook).
• otherwise, I can only advise that you give live/interactive packet editors like WPE Pro a try.

In most scenarios, the coolest methods (code reverse-engineering and direct memory access) tend to be the least productive. They require a lot of skill (to understand the code) and time, both initially (to go through all the code and develop code to interact with the data structure) and for maintainance (in case the game is being updated). (Of course, they sometimes do allow doing cool stuff which is impossible to do with the official client, but most of the time this is obvious as blatant cheating, and likely to attract the GMs quickly). Most of the time bots are made by replacing game graphics/textures with solid colours, and creating simple "pixel" bots which search for certain colours on the screen and react accordingly (e.g. click them).

Hope this helps, and remember - cheating is only fun when it doesn't make the game less fun for everyone else ;)

Answer 4

There are probably a few reasonable assumptions you can make that should simplify your task enormously. However, to make the best use of them you will probably need greater comfort with sleeves-rolled-up programming than it sounds like you have.

First, it's a safe bet that the encryption they are using falls into one of three categories:

• None
• Cheesy
• Far better than you are likely to crack

With the odds of the middle case being very low.

Next, it's a safe bet that the packets are encrypted / decrypted close to the edge of the program (right as they come in, right before they go out) and that the body of the game deals with them in decrypted form.

Finally, the protocol they are using most likely consists of either

• ascii with data blocks
• binary goo

So do a little packet sniffing with a card set in promiscuous mode for unencrypted ascii. If you see some, great, you're ahead of the game. But if you don't give up the whole tapping-the-line idea and instead start following the code as it returns from the sending data out by breakpointing and stepping with a debugger. Figure the outermost layer or three will be standard network stuff, then will come the encryption layer, and beyond that the huge mass of stuff that deals with the protocol unencrypted.

You should be able to get this far in an hour if you're hot, a weekend if you're reasonably skilled, motivated, and diligent, and never if you are hopeless. But it is possible in principle (and doubtlessly far easier in practice) to do it this way.

Once you get to where something that looks like unencrypted goo comes in, gets mungled, and the mungled form goes out, then start worrying about what it means.

-- MarkusQ

Answer 5

Sounds like there is not encryption going on, so you could do a network approach.

A great place to start would be to find the packet ID's - most of the time, something near the front of the packet is going to be an ID of the type of the packet. For example move could be 1, shoot fired could be "2", chat could be "4".

You can write your own proxy that listens on one port for your game to connect, and then connects to the server. You can make keypresses to your proxy fire off commands, or you can make your proxy write out debugging info to help you go further.

(I've written a bot for an online in game in PHP - of all things.)