How to best write out a std::vector < std::string > container to a HDF5 dataset?

Question

Given a vector of strings, what is the best way to write them out to a HDF5 dataset? At the moment I'm doing something like the following:

  const unsigned int MaxStrLength = 512;

  struct TempContainer {
    char string[MaxStrLength];
  };

  void writeVector (hid_t group, std::vector<std::string> const & v)
  {
    //
    // Firstly copy the contents of the vector into a temporary container
    std::vector<TempContainer> tc;
    for (std::vector<std::string>::const_iterator i = v.begin ()
                                              , end = v.end ()
      ; i != end
      ; ++i)
    {
      TempContainer t;
      strncpy (t.string, i->c_str (), MaxStrLength);
      tc.push_back (t);
    }


    //
    // Write the temporary container to a dataset
    hsize_t     dims[] = { tc.size () } ;
    hid_t dataspace = H5Screate_simple(sizeof(dims)/sizeof(*dims)
                               , dims
                               , NULL);

    hid_t strtype = H5Tcopy (H5T_C_S1);
    H5Tset_size (strtype, MaxStrLength);

    hid_t datatype = H5Tcreate (H5T_COMPOUND, sizeof (TempConainer));
    H5Tinsert (datatype
      , "string"
      , HOFFSET(TempContainer, string)
      , strtype);

    hid_t dataset = H5Dcreate1 (group
                          , "files"
                          , datatype
                          , dataspace
                          , H5P_DEFAULT);

    H5Dwrite (dataset, datatype, H5S_ALL, H5S_ALL, H5P_DEFAULT, &tc[0] );

    H5Dclose (dataset);
    H5Sclose (dataspace);
    H5Tclose (strtype);
    H5Tclose (datatype);
}

At a minimum, I would really like to change the above so that:

1. It uses variable length strings
2. I don't need to have a temporary container

I have no restrictions over how I store the data so for example, it doesn't have to be a COMPOUND datatype if there is a better way to do this.

EDIT: Just to narrow the problem down, I'm relatively familiar with playing with the data on the C++ side, it's the HDF5 side where I need most of the help.

Thanks for your help.

Answer 1

If you are looking at cleaner code: I suggest you create a functor that'll take a string and save it to the HDF5 Container (in a desired mode). Richard, I used the wrong algorithm, please re-check!

std::for_each(v.begin(), v.end(), write_hdf5);

struct hdf5 : public std::unary_function<std::string, void> {
    hdf5() : _dataset(...) {} // initialize the HDF5 db
    ~hdf5() : _dataset(...) {} // close the the HDF5 db
    void operator(std::string& s) {
            // append 
            // use s.c_str() ?
    }
};

Does that help get started?

Answer 2

I don't know about HDF5, but you can use

struct TempContainer {
    char* string;
};

and then copy the strings this way:

TempContainer t;
t.string = strdup(i->c_str());
tc.push_back (t);

This will allocate a string with the exact size, and also improves a lot when inserting or reading from the container (in your example there's an array copied, in this case only a pointer). You can also use std::vector:

std::vector<char *> tc;
...
tc.push_back(strdup(i->c_str());

Answer 3

Instead of a TempContainer, you can use a simple std::vector (you could also templatized it to match T -> basic_string . Something like this:

#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <functional>

class StringToVector
  : std::unary_function<std::vector<char>, std::string> {
public:
  std::vector<char> operator()(const std::string &s) const {
    // assumes you want a NUL-terminated string
    const char* str = s.c_str();
    std::size_t size = 1 + std::strlen(str);
    // s.size() != strlen(s.c_str())
    std::vector<char> buf(&str[0], &str[size]);
    return buf;
  }
};

void conv(const std::vector<std::string> &vi,
          std::vector<std::vector<char> > &vo)
{
  // assert vo.size() == vi.size()
  std::transform(vi.begin(), vi.end(),
                 vo.begin(),
                 StringToVector());
}

Answer 4

[Many thanks to dirkgently for his help in answering this.]

To write a variable length string in HDF5 use the following:

// Create the datatype as follows
hid_t datatype = H5Tcopy (H5T_C_S1);
H5Tset_size (datatype, H5T_VARIABLE);

// 
// Pass the string to be written to H5Dwrite
// using the address of the pointer!
const char * s = v.c_str ();
H5Dwrite (dataset
  , datatype
  , H5S_ALL
  , H5S_ALL
  , H5P_DEFAULT
  , &s );

One solution for writing a container is to write each element individually. This can be achieved using hyperslabs.

For example:

class WriteString
{
public:
  WriteString (hid_t dataset, hid_t datatype
      , hid_t dataspace, hid_t memspace)
    : m_dataset (dataset), m_datatype (datatype)
    , m_dataspace (dataspace), m_memspace (memspace)
    , m_pos () {}

private:
  hid_t m_dataset;
  hid_t m_datatype;
  hid_t m_dataspace;
  hid_t m_memspace;
  int m_pos;

//...

public:
  void operator ()(std::vector<std::string>::value_type const & v)
  {
    // Select the file position, 1 record at position 'pos'
    hsize_t count[] = { 1 } ;
    hsize_t offset[] = { m_pos++ } ;
    H5Sselect_hyperslab( m_dataspace
      , H5S_SELECT_SET
      , offset
      , NULL
      , count
      , NULL );

    const char * s = v.c_str ();
    H5Dwrite (m_dataset
      , m_datatype
      , m_memspace
      , m_dataspace
      , H5P_DEFAULT
      , &s );
    }    
};

// ...

void writeVector (hid_t group, std::vector<std::string> const & v)
{
  hsize_t     dims[] = { m_files.size ()  } ;
  hid_t dataspace = H5Screate_simple(sizeof(dims)/sizeof(*dims)
                                    , dims, NULL);

  dims[0] = 1;
  hid_t memspace = H5Screate_simple(sizeof(dims)/sizeof(*dims)
                                    , dims, NULL);

  hid_t datatype = H5Tcopy (H5T_C_S1);
  H5Tset_size (datatype, H5T_VARIABLE);

  hid_t dataset = H5Dcreate1 (group, "files", datatype
                             , dataspace, H5P_DEFAULT);

  // 
  // Select the "memory" to be written out - just 1 record.
  hsize_t offset[] = { 0 } ;
  hsize_t count[] = { 1 } ;
  H5Sselect_hyperslab( memspace, H5S_SELECT_SET, offset
                     , NULL, count, NULL );

  std::for_each (v.begin ()
      , v.end ()
      , WriteStrings (dataset, datatype, dataspace, memspace));

  H5Dclose (dataset);
  H5Sclose (dataspace);
  H5Sclose (memspace);
  H5Tclose (datatype);
}