A quilt patchset is a set of patches that were managed and put together by quilt.
A patchset is a group of patches that can be applied to a set of files - these files may be code, documention, data, or whatever, usually text of some sort. The actual patch is a text file that defines the changes to be made from the original to create the new version, usually generated by using the program 'diff'. The patchset is a collections of those diff outputs, each is usually a logical step in the change process.
Quilt is a program that can manage many patches over large set of files. It can be used to create the patch files, to select which patch files to be applied, to export those patches for others to use, and to import patches from elsewhere.
For more info on using patch and diff, check here:
The Ten Minute Guide to diff and patch
For quilt info, try these:
Quilt, a patch management system,
quilt manpage, and the
Quilt project page