Everyone should know about boost. What are other helpful libraries for C++? If you need to mention specifics (like libcurl, freeimage) please note what they are specific to (web protocol, image loading).
Features
threads, thread synchronization and advanced abstractions for multithreaded programming streams and filesystem access shared libraries and class loading powerful logging and error reporting security and encryption network programming (TCP/IP sockets, HTTP client and HTTP server, FTP, SMTP, POP3, etc.) XML parsing (SAX2 and DOM) and generation configuration file and options handling SQL database access (ODBC, MySQL, SQLite)
SOCI, http://soci.sourceforge.net/
SOCI is a database access library for C++ that makes the illusion of embedding SQL queries in the regular C++ code, staying entirely within the Standard C++.
Example code:
string name;
int salary;
Person p;
sql << "select name, salary from persons where id = " << id,
into(name), into(salary);
// Object relational mapping
sql << "select first_name, last_name, date_of_birth "
"from persons where id = " << id,
into(p);
// Integration with STL
Rowset<string> rs = (sql.prepare << "select name from persons");
copy(rs.begin(), rs.end(), ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\n"));
Crypto++ - encryption library
Ogre3D - 3D graphics
OIS - cross platform input
PixelToaster - 2D software rendering
Anti-Grain Geometry - High quality rendering engine
CGAL - Computer Graphics Algorithms Library
Also see this introduction to CGAL from Google Tech Talks on YouTube.
IntelTBB for better multithreading. (More than just threads and mutexes)