OK I'm answering my own question here.
I found a number of references to this bug through Google, but everybody worked around it by playing with font sizes. After much hunting I found this thread that says anti-aliasing is applied when a view's frame contains fractional pixel values, e.g. if you calculate its size as a fraction of the super view.
Sure enough, casting the CGRect values to (int) for the view's frame worked perfectly. So as an example, if you wanted your text field to be centered vertically in the superview, you should use an (int) cast like this:
textFieldWidth = 300; textFieldHeight = 31; offsetX = 0; offsetY = (superview.bounds.size.height - textFieldHeight) / 2; textField.frame = CGRectMake((int) offsetX, (int) offsetY, (int) textFieldWidth, (int) textFieldHeight);
There is also the CGRectIntegral function that you can use to convert a CGRect to integral values.