The specific case of disambiguating a codeblock from the anonymous hashref constructor can't be older than the anonymous hashref constructor, which was added with Perl 5.0 back in 1993-4. Before then the problem didn't exist.
But the "unary plus" has been around for longer -- since Perl 4 at least (it wasn't there in Perl 1 but it could have been added any time in the intervening few years, as far as my knowledge goes). It's always done the same thing, forcing its RHS to be evaluated as a term rather than anything else that might make sense in context, and distinguishing, for example:
print (1 + 2), 42; # Does nothing useful with 42!
from
print +(1 + 2), 42; # Prints 3 and 42.