As others have noted, this is a rather vague question.
As far as programming is concerned, my impression is that logistics questions often boil down to questions about scheduling, that is, allocation of resources. Typically you face a very large number of decisions (e.g. how to direct individual trucks and loads) and want to optimize some overall number (e.g. total profit).
If the knapsack problem and the traveling salesman problem look like toy versions of the sort of problem you're interested in, or if flow networks seem relevant, then the topic you're interested in is discrete mathematics.