We currently use Team System Web Access (TSWA), Visual Studio 2008 Team System (VS2008) and the sharepoint project portal to access our workitems, code, reports, etc. As a general rule, developers mostly use VS2008, while testers, business analysts, project managers, business owners, etc use TSWA.
When you say you need "any user to be able to easily copy/paste a link to send to someone else", I would generally say that is easier to do in TSWA. TSWA is free, and does not require a client install. You just have to pay for a TFS client license for each user.
Having said that, you can get a URL to a workitem with Visual Studio by performing the following actions:
1) Open the workitem in VS.Net (I am using VS.Net 2008)
2) The bug opens in a new tab in the VS.Net work area. Right Click on the tab name.
3) Click "Copy Full Path".
4) The result is a URL that looks something like this:
http://teamfoundation:8080/WorkItemTracking/WorkItem.aspx?artifactMoniker=9999
You can also use the "Copy Full Path" on Builds, which have a URL that looks like:
http://teamfoundation:8080/Build/Build.aspx?artifactMoniker=9999
Interestingly, there was a "Copy Full Path" contect menu for Team Queries, but the URL it gave me did not work. I do not know if this is just a setup issue with our TFS instance.
You can get a URL to a Changeset. You cannot use the "Copy Full Path" context menu because you cannot open a changeset in its own tab. I found this URL by opening a workitem URL as instructed above, and clicking on the associated changeset. The URL looks like:
http://teamfoundation:8080/VersionControl/Changeset.aspx?artifactMoniker=97418
I do not know of a way to do this for files under version control. You can link directly to the portal for reports and documents.