Memory management in Qt?

Question

I'm quite new to Qt and am wondering on some basic stuff with memory management and the life of objects. When do I need to delete / destroy my objects? Is any of this handled automatically?

In the example below, which of the objects I create do I need to delete? What happens to the instance variable myOtherClass when myClass is destroyed? What happens if I don't delete / destroy my objects at all, will that be a problem to memory?

in MyClass.h:

class MyClass
{

public:
    MyClass();
    ~MyClass();
    MyOtherClass *myOtherClass;
};

in MyClass.cpp:

MyClass::MyClass() {
    myOtherClass = new MyOtherClass();

    MyOtherClass myOtherClass2;

    QString myString = "Hello";
}

As you can see this is quite newbie-easy stuff but where can I learn about this in an easy way?

Thanks really much

Answer 1

Qt is a framework for c++ so the same rules count.

http://www.codeproject.com/KB/cpp/memmgment.aspx

Answer 2

If you build your own hierarchy with QObjects, that is, you initialise all newly created QObjects with a parent,

QObject* parent = new QObject();
QObject* child = new QObject(parent);

then it is enough to delete the parent, because the parents destructor will take care of destroying child. (It does this by issuing signals, so it is save even when you delete child manually before the parent.)

You could also delete the child first, the order doesn't matter. For an example where the order does matter here's the documentation about object trees.

If your MyClass is no child of QObject, of course, you’ll have to use the plain C++ way of doing things.

Also note, that the parent–child hierarchy of QObjects is generally independent of the hierarchy of the C++ class hierarchy/inheritance tree. That means, that an assigned child does not need to be a direct subclass of it’s parent. Any (subclass of) QObject will suffice.

There might be some constraints imposed by the constructors for other reasons, however; such as in QWidget(QWidget* parent=0), where the parent must be another QWidget, due to e.g. visibility flags and because you’d do some basic layout that way; but for Qts hierarchy system in general, you were allowed to have any QObject as a parent.

Answer 3

Parent(either QObject object or its derived class) has a list of pointer to its children(QObject/its derived). The parent will delete all the objects in its child list while the parent is destroyed. You can use this property of QObject to make child objects to delete automatically when ever the parent is deleted. The relation can be established using the following code

QObject* parent = new QObject();
QObject* child = new QObject(parent);
delete parent;//all the child objects will get deleted when parent is deleted, child object which are deleted before the parent object is removed from the parent's child list so those destructor will not get called once again.

There are other way to manage memory in Qt, using smartpointer. The following article describes various smart pointers in Qt. http://labs.trolltech.com/blogs/2009/08/25/count-with-me-how-many-smart-pointer-classes-does-qt-have/

Answer 4

I'd like to extend Debilski's answer by pointing out that the concept of ownership is very important in Qt. When class A assumes ownership of class B, class B is deleted when class A is deleted. There are several situations where one object becomes the owner of another, not just when you create an object and specify its parent.

For instance:

QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;
QPushButton someButton = new QPushButton; // No owner specified.
layout->addWidget(someButton); // someButton still has no owner.
QWidget* widget = new QWidget;
widget->setLayout(layout); // someButton is "re-parented".
                           // widget now owns someButton.

Another example:

QMainWindow* window = new QMainWindow;
QWidget* widget = new QWidget; //widget has no owner
window->setCentralWidget(widget); //widget is now owned by window.

So, check the documentation often, it generally specifies whether a method will affect the ownership of an object.

As stated by Debilski, these rules apply ONLY to objects that derive from QObject. If your class does not derive from QObject, you'll have to handle the destruction yourself.