Here is what happens for released artifacts (SNAPSHOT would involve more checks):
- Client Machine: Do I have a dependency in my local repository? If yes, use it. If no, try to download it from a remote repository (Nexus here).
- Nexus: Do I have the artifact? If yes, serve it to the client. If no, try to get it from a known third-party repository, store it and serve it.
- Third-party repository: Do I have the artifact? If yes, serve it to the client (Nexus in this case). If no, send 404.
So, there is potentially traffic between the client machine and Nexus and there is potentially traffic between Nexus and a third-party repository. If this doesn't answer the question, please clarify.