help in the Donalds B. Johnson's algorithm, i cannot understand the pseudo code (PART II)

Question

Hi all , i cannot understand a certain part of the paper published by Donald Johnson about finding cycles (Circuits) in a graph.

More specific i cannot understand what is the matrix Ak which is mentioned in the following line of the pseudo code :

Ak:=adjacency structure of strong component K with least vertex in subgraph of G induced by {s,s+1,....n};

to make things worse some lines after is mentins " for i in Vk do " without declaring what the Vk is...

As far i have understand we have the following: 1) in general, a strong component is a sub-graph of a graph, in which for every node of this sub-graph there is a path to any node of the sub-graph (in other words you can access any node of the sub-graph from any other node of the sub-graph)

2) a sub-graph induced by a list of nodes is a graph containing all these nodes plus all the edges connecting these nodes. in paper the mathematical definition is " F is a subgraph of G induced by W if W is subset of V and F = (W,{u,y)|u,y in W and (u,y) in E)}) where u,y are edges , E is the set of all the edges in the graph, W is a set of nodes.

3)in the code implementation the nodes are named by integer numbers 1 ... n.

4) I suspect that the Vk is the set of nodes of the strong component K.

now to the question. Lets say we have a graph G= (V,E) with V = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} which it can be divided into 3 strong components the SC1 = {1,4,7,8} SC2= {2,3,9} SC3 = {5,6} (and their edges)

Can anybody give me an example for s =1, s= 2, s= 5 what if going to be the Vk and Ak according to the code?

The pseudo code is in my previous question in http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2908575/help-in-the-donalds-b-johnsons-algorithm-i-cannot-understand-the-pseudo-code

and the paper can be found at http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2908575/help-in-the-donalds-b-johnsons-algorithm-i-cannot-understand-the-pseudo-code

thank you in advance

Answer 1

It works! In an earlier iteration of the Johnson algorithm, I had supposed that A was an adjacency matrix. Instead, it appears to represent an adjacency list. In that example, implemented below, the vertices {a, b, c} are numbered {0, 1, 2}, yielding the following circuits:

0 1 0
0 1 2 0
0 2 0
0 2 1 0
1 0 1
1 0 2 1
1 2 0 1
1 2 1
2 0 1 2
2 0 2
2 1 0 2
2 1 2

By default, the program starts with s = 0; implementing s := least vertex in V as an optimization remains.

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Stack;

/**
 * @see http://dutta.csc.ncsu.edu/csc791_spring07/wrap/circuits_johnson.pdf
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2908575
 * @see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2939877
 * @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjacency_matrix
 * @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjacency_list
 */
public final class CircuitFinding {

    final Stack<Integer> stack = new Stack<Integer>();
    final List<List<Integer>> a;
    final List<List<Integer>> b;
    final boolean[] blocked;
    final int n;
    int s;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        List<List<Integer>> a = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
        a.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(1, 2)));
        a.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(0, 2)));
        a.add(new ArrayList<Integer>(Arrays.asList(0, 1)));
        CircuitFinding cf = new CircuitFinding(a);
        cf.find();
    }

    /**
     * @param a adjacency structure of strong component K with
     * least vertex in subgraph of G induced by {s, s + 1, n};
     */
    public CircuitFinding(List<List<Integer>> a) {
        this.a = a;
        n = a.size();
        blocked = new boolean[n];
        b = new ArrayList<List<Integer>>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            b.add(new ArrayList<Integer>());
        }
    }

    private void unblock(int u) {
        blocked[u] = false;
        List<Integer> list = b.get(u);
        for (int w : list) {
            //delete w from B(u);
            list.remove(w);
            if (blocked[w]) {
                unblock(w);
            }
        }
    }

    private boolean circuit(int v) {
        boolean f = false;
        stack.push(v);
        blocked[v] = true;
        L1:
        for (int w : a.get(v)) {
            if (w == s) {
                //output circuit composed of stack followed by s;
                for (int i : stack) {
                    System.out.print(i + " ");
                }
                System.out.println(s);
                f = true;
            } else if (!blocked[w]) {
                if (circuit(w)) {
                    f = true;
                }
            }
        }
        L2:
        if (f) {
            unblock(v);
        } else {
            for (int w : a.get(v)) {
                //if (v∉B(w)) put v on B(w);
                if (!b.get(w).contains(v)) {
                    b.get(v).add(w);
                }
            }
        }
        v = stack.pop();
        return f;
    }

    public void find() {
        while (s < n) {
            if (a != null) {
                //s := least vertex in V;
                L3:
                circuit(s);
                s++;
            } else {
                s = n;
            }
        }
    }
}