I found the error. It's not related to HTTP/HTTPS at all.
This post helped me on track http://forums.asp.net/t/1196710.aspx
Some assemblies in a dependant module didn't get copied to the output folder. My development machine and the test server has these in GAC, so everything works there.
I added these components explicitly, and now everything works.
Thanks for your time
simendsjo
2010-10-29 07:21:05