You could require every developer to add the tag of the reviewing developer to the commit in a fixed format like [REV:XYZ]. This allows you to filter the history. As was mentioned here, you can use the pre-commit hooks of your source code versioning tool to enforce this if you need to.
Then the rule that no code may be committed without a peer review needs to be communicated to all developers. Also show the advantages of reviewing code before committing. The first few months, someone should check the commit history for commits without reviewer tag. If they find some, ask the developers why if they did a review and with whom. When there was no review, remind them of the rule. If some developers violate this rule knowingly several times, there could be repercussions, but peer pressure usually prevents this from happening.
Normally, there is no excuse for not doing a review when this rule is in effect. Especially the "But I had to fix this bug quickly to deliver the customer the fixed version" can't be an excuse, because a developer is more likely to make errors in a rush.