It's in the tutorial, kinda.
http://docs.python.org/tutorial/controlflow.html#keyword-arguments
In general, an argument list must have
any positional arguments followed by
any keyword arguments, where the
keywords must be chosen from the
formal parameter names.
And the glossary:
http://docs.python.org/glossary.html#glossary
argument
A value passed to a function or method, assigned to a named local
variable in the function body. A
function or method may have both
positional arguments and keyword
arguments in its definition.
positional argument
The arguments assigned to local names
inside a function or method,
determined by the order in which they
were given in the call. * is used to
either accept multiple positional
arguments (when in the definition), or
pass several arguments as a list to a
function. See argument.