Yes, you can produce a simple game with C++ and vs2005 without any other external libraries.
On the other hand it would be faster and easier to use some external libraries especially for the graphics, controls and sound or you will have to duplicate that functionality yourself. (If you have no particular reason to use vs2005 you should get the most recent compiler)
If your problem is getting sidetracked from C++ and lose some time learning some libraries APIs even then it will be faster and easier, that or keep your programming projects to something simpler until you feel comfortable with the C++ language. Another issue is planing, if you do have a project write down a skeleton of how you intend to go about it first, select the bits you don't have the know how and research a bit first before starting with the code.
As for the selection of external libraries you will be best served if you can stay away from platform dependent code/libraries even if it seems more complex (in the long run it will be more useful for you), as an quick example you can trade DirectX for OpenGL the later is a bit more complex but more portable but it all depends on how complex you intend to be on your game you can select a more general graphics engine (Ogre 3D http://www.ogre3d.org/ LGPL) and somehow bypass that low level knowledge (learning the basics of OpenGL would also be a well invested time even if you do skip direct use of it).
You should select external libraries based on the freedom they provide you (license and portability needs) and stability and maturity. Avoid closed source if your aim is to learn and have deeper control, or GPL since it restrict you to produce GPL code (understand the licenses). You should also avoid platform dependency...