Are there any tech recruiters who specialize in international placement? Any websites? I've looked around on Craigslist, but it seems like a lot of the ads in English are for American companies looking to outsource to remote workers. This doesn't seem like something that would help me.
What are some good places to start?
If you work at a company with an overseas branch or overseas postings, that would be an easy way to jump. You could get a transfer overseas and then, while you are there, explore your options. Otherwise, it's just like any other job. Update your CV, look at various job ads and apply. Depending on the region, you need to look at regional websites, not Craiglist (US centric). If you're looking at the SEA region, look at JobStreet.
You probably need to do what more local developers do.
Find the local job board, for the area you want to be located, and look for jobs, or agents who can place you.
Be sure you can work in the area, before applying for work though.
Unless you're a guru, who's specialised in a particular area, and known by lecturing, writing books etc, you need to be more specific.
My experience is that recruiters focus mostly on bringing programmers from other countries into the US. This is because the recruiting firms are mostly based in the US and have immigration specialist on staff. I don't know any tech recruiting firm that relocates the talent overseas. There are also the outsourcing firms like Satyam, who are based abroad with offices in other countries, but they mostly hire locals for their local offices and then outsource the work to the folks in India. People like Satyam are not necessarily interested in relocating tech talent.
It helps a lot if you have dual citizenship or a passport from a country within the EU. I have a Lithuanian passport, which allows me to travel and work in any EU member country. I also have a Brazilian passport and citizenship which allows me to work in that country also. Currently, I am based in the US though. I think that if a certain company wants you to work for them then you should cultivate the relationship with them and leave all doors open and never burn any bridges. I don't see why a tech recruiter would go through the expense of relocating abroad unless the client company wants to work with you specifically. For the tech recruiter and the client is a lot cheaper to hire locally or to outsource to India, China, Eastern Block...
I'd say the first thing is to decide for yourself what is your main reason/willingness to move. If you move to some particular country, ask friends there/check local ads. If you just want to move somewhere, ask your current company or apply for jobs at other places that you see could be easily moved out of the country. You'll score there if you persuade them you can do the same job for less pay if you move to cheaper place (and there certainly are nice places cheaper then US).
Because UK has a long contracting tradition they have a dominant role in contracting/recruiting in Europe. So go to UK job sites (http://www.cwjobs.co.uk/ - jobserve?) and put continental locations and you will get positions that are relatively international openings.