vc80.pdb is the file that contains the debug information for your lib. In the ide Property pages:configuration properties:c\c++:output files allows you to rename this to something more appropriate, such as the name of your lib. When the linker links your lib into the target exe it looks for this pdb (there is a pointer to it in the lib) and extracts the info from that pdb and drops it in the exe's pdb.
/Fd[name] is the option for renaming the pdb
/ZI is the option for compiling with a pdb that includes Edit and Continue information.
All linked libs and the final taget exe or dll need /ZI, to enable edit and continue.
I made a tiny testlib.lib and used "dumpbin /all" to get the following showing the pointer to the debug info (this is a tiny excerpt):
SECTION HEADER #7
.debug$T name
0 physical address
0 virtual address
48 size of raw data
838 file pointer to raw data (00000838 to 0000087F)
0 file pointer to relocation table
0 file pointer to line numbers
0 number of relocations
0 number of line numbers
42100040 flags
Initialized Data
Discardable
1 byte align
Read Only
RAW DATA #7
00000000: 04 00 00 00 42 00 15 15 D5 EA 1E C9 7C 10 3A 40 ....B...Õê.É|.:@
00000010: 93 63 CE 95 77 15 49 4A 03 00 00 00 64 3A 5C 64 .cÎ.w.IJ....d:\d
00000020: 65 76 5C 74 65 73 74 5C 74 65 73 74 6C 69 62 5C ev\test\testlib\
00000030: 74 65 73 74 6C 69 62 5C 64 65 62 75 67 5C 76 63 testlib\debug\vc
00000040: 38 30 2E 70 64 62 00 F1 80.pdb.ñ