Are There Any Other Web Programming Languages That Can Be Used Without A Framework Aside From PHP?

Question

Python needs a framework, so does Java (for the web). I don't know much about Ruby or Coldfusion. But is there another language out there for the web that can stand alone as it is without a need for a framework or without strict adherence to a design pattern (MVC and the likes) aside from PHP? BTW, the statement that Python and Java needs a framework to work with the web came purely from my readings on articles and books; I might be mistaken.

EDIT : by frameworks I mean those like Django, Pylon, Spring, JSF, RoR etc

Answer 1

Perl does not need one : mod_perl

Answer 2

Python does not need one - mod_python.

Neither does ruby - mod_ruby.

Answer 3

Check this. very unconventional..

C++ Server Pages

Answer 4

I don't think any of those languages "need" a framework. My understanding is that as long as the webserver has a way to talk to the language interpreter you are in business. Hence all the apache modules for the various languages. The framework is just to make common web development tasks (like accessing a database) easier. You could just as easily write without a framework in any language you can connect with a webserver.

Answer 5

Simplified, a web server is like a function:

HttpResponse ProcessRequest(HttpRequest request);

And since request and responses both are strings, it's more like:

string ProcessRequest(string request);

So, any language that can take a string as an argument and return another string should be fully capable of acting as a server side language ;)

Answer 6

Python with WSGI (mod_wsgi) and Ruby with Rack (mod_rack) can be used to write web apps, with only a small stub needed to catch the request from the web server.

Answer 7

The last production C program I ever wrote was a cgi app. If you can write web apps in C, you can write them in anything.