final

Does it make a difference to declare a logger in all uppercase and make it final?

Is there any reason to do this: private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class); instead of this? private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Main.class); I don't undertstand what the syntactical benefit is of one over the other. Both seem to work fine. ...

Performance differences between static and non-static final primitive fields in Java

I recently ran across a class that had the following field declared: private final int period = 1000; In this particular case, the author had intended for it to also be static and since the value couldn't be altered at any point, there was no real functional reason not to declare it static, but it got me wondering how Java treats fina...

How does "final int i" work inside of a Java for loop?

I was surprised to see that the following Java code snippet compiled and ran: for(final int i : listOfNumbers) { System.out.println(i); } where listOfNumbers is an array of integers. I thought final declarations got assigned only once. Is the compiler creating an Integer object and changing what it references? ...

Does a final String inside a private static method instantiate a new object when invoked?

Does a static final String inside a private static method instantiate a new object when invoked? private static String Test() { final String foo = "string literal"; return foo; } Or does the compiler know there is only a single, string literal, inside the method? Or should I make it a private static final class field? This has...

Why defining class as final improves JVM performance?

Quoting from http://sites.google.com/site/gson/gson-design-document: Why are most classes in Gson marked as final? While Gson provides a fairly extensible architecture by providing pluggable serializers and deserializers, Gson classes were not specifically designed to be extensible. Providing non-final classes woul...

Java final modifier

I was told that, I misunderstand effects of final. What are the effects of final keyword? Here is short overview of what I think, I know: Java final modifier (aka aggregation relation) primitive variables: can be set only once. (memory and performance gain) objects variables: may be modified, final applies to object refer...

final and static in Java

I have read this sentence in a book but I didn't understand it: A field that is both static and final has only one piece of storage that cannot be changed. Can anyone explain it for me? ...