Here is an article that discusses differences in performance between some of these concepts: http://www.webhostingtalk.com/showthread.php?t=538076
It has been a while since I have done any PHP but this is probably similar to what you expect in other programming environments.
It is likely that the static method requires some construction of a SomeClass object behind the scenes each time that it is called, whereas the function can just be executed without any startup cost. Creating an object could be costly depending on a number of things: destruction of existing objects by a garbage collector/reference counter, memory pressure causing fragmentation, suboptimal memory allocation policies in the C runtime etc.
It would be interesting to compare the method performance of an existing object. To do this create an instance of SomeClass and then call an instance method repeatedly.
In the case of the static method, PHP has to check wether the method can or cannot be called from the calling context (public, protected, private). That's most likely what causes the overhead, or at least part of it, since the classic function call doesn't require PHP to perform that kind of check.
You do not need to care about this. If you do, that means you have done something wrong designing your system. A performance should be attempted to be increased using other ways.