In windows there is perfmon to monitor various performances aspects (called counters) of the system.
Is there a perfmon-like for Linux?
especially, in interested in...
...Is it possible to store this information in files for future analysis?
The program "top" does most of this. It does not handle network traffic though.
Edit:
If you need to log this information for post processing/analysis you can use the standard package "sar" to do this. It supports MANY different performance numbers including: disk, cpu, memory, network, etc.
DStat is my personal favorite for such tools. From it's page :
I love it! It's definitely more flexible (and easier to use) than sar, we just have dstat writing to a file on a regular basis.
I am a huge fan of gkrellm, which packs a huge amount of information into a small vertical bar on your monitor. It's configurable; I get CPU use, disk use, memory use, temperatures, network traffic, and more. When my system gets slow I know instantly if it's CPU, disk, memory, or net connection. The information design is pretty good; I would say the amount of information per pixel is high. And unlike 'top' you can usually afford to leave it open on one side of your screen. ('top' consumes too much screen real estate to be left open all the time.)
If you're looking for a way to monitor this stuff on servers, you should be looking at a monitoring framework like Zabbix. This will let you monitor all sorts of interesting things about your system and, with plugins, your application - as well as storing trend data for a period of time, and letting you alert on trigger thresholds and such.