How would you implement this digital logic in Verilog or VHDL?

Answer 1

Something like this?

module scheduler
 #( parameter K = 10 )
  (
   input wire [K:1] current,
   input wire [K:1] mask,
   output reg [K:1] next
   );

   reg [K:1] a;
   reg [K:1] b;

   //'[i+1]' busses that wrap.
   // eg, for a 4-bit bus...
   // a[i]:        a[4],a[3],a[2],a[1] (obviously...)
   // a_wrap[i]:   a[1],a[4],a[3],a[2] 
   wire [K:1] mask_wrap    = { mask[1],mask[K:2] };
   wire [K:1] a_wrap       = { a[1], a[K:2] };
   wire [K:1] current_wrap = { current[1], current[K:2] };

   integer i;
   always @( * ) begin
      for( i=1; i<=K; i=i+1 ) begin
         a[i] = ~current_wrap[i] && b[i];
         b[i] = a_wrap[i] || mask_wrap[i];
         next[i] = ~a[i] && mask_wrap[i];
      end
   end


endmodule

(Disclaimer: linted but not simulated)